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the Department of Economics and Business at Colorado College in Colorado Springs. Her research focuses largely on issues related to intellectual property (IP) rights protection with a particular focus on pharmaceutical-related IP.Prof. Lybecker's recent publications include an evaluation of Canada's IP protection for pharmaceutical products based on international best practices, as well as examinations of alternatives to the existing patent system and the balance between pharmaceutical patent protection and access to essential medicines. She has testified in more than a dozen U.S. states on the economics of pharmaceutical counterfeiting and at the recent Trans-Pacific Partnership trade negotiations on the economics of access to medicine. Prof. Lybecker has also worked with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the OECD, and the World Bank on issues of innovation and international trade.She earned a B.A. from Macalester College and received her Ph.D. in Economics from the University of California, Berkeley.

In this capacity, he was one of two deputy governors responsible for overseeing the Bank’s analysis and activities promoting a stable and efficient financial system. Starting in 2016, he was responsible for overseeing the Bank’s analysis of domestic economic developments. As a member of the Bank’s governing council, he shared responsibility for decisions related to monetary policy and financial system stability and for setting the Bank’s strategic direction. Mr. Schembri joined the Bank in 1997 as a visiting research advisor in what is now the International Economic Analysis Department. In 2001, he was appointed senior research director in the same department and became its managing director in 2005. In 2010 he was appointed advisor to the governor, with responsibilities for financial stability analysis and coordinating the Bank’s contribution to the Financial Stability Board. While at the Bank, Mr. Schembri was an active researcher, publishing research on exchange rate and monetary theory and policy in open economies, the international monetary system, and financial stability. A champion of efforts to promote economic literacy and Indigenous economic opportunity, he sponsored the Bank’s Governor’s Challenge undergraduate student competition and was a founding member of the Central Bank Network for Indigenous Inclusion. He currently serves on the board of the Tulo Centre of Indigenous Economics. Mr. Schembri received a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the University of Toronto, an MSc in Economics from the London School of Economics and Political Science, and a PhD in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Prior to joining the Bank of Canada, Mr. Schembri was an assistant professor and, later, associate professor of economics at Carleton University.

Bay, Ontario, where he specializes in public policy and finance, health economics, and economic history. His most recent work examines value for money in health-care spending and the drivers and sustainability of health-care spending; fiscal economic history; and the historical evolution of economic inequality in Canada and internationally. Prof. Di Matteo is a member of the CIHI National Health Expenditure Advisory Panel and a contributor to Fraser Forum, the Fraser Institute’s blog, as well as his own policy blog, Northern Economist 2.0. His op-eds have appeared frequently in many newspapers across Canada including the Globe and Mail, National Post, Financial Post, Toronto Star, Winnipeg Free Press, Waterloo Region Record, and Hamilton Spectator. He has been listed in Canada’s Who’s Who since 1995 and holds a Ph.D. from McMaster University, an M.A. from the University of Western Ontario, and a B.A. from Lakehead University.

York University and a Master of Science in Health Policy and Research from the University of Alberta. Mr Moir has previous clinical experience and has provided direct care in general medicine, palliative care, cardiology, oncology, and neurology settings. In addition to several academic publications, his commentaries have appeared in University Affairs, the Financial Post, and Globe and Mail. His research focuses on the performance of health-care systems, patient choice, and health-related quality of life.